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Review Article

Online Publishing Date:
22 / 05 / 2020

 


Potential usage of immune modulating supplements of the Echinacea genus for COVID-19 infection

Gabriele Jessica Kembuan, Warren Lie, Andhyka Haryanto Tumimomor.


Cited By:17

Abstract
The symptoms and progression of viral respiratory infections, such as the novel COVID-19 pandemic, is thought to be highly related to the host immune response. Populations with impaired immune response are particularly vulnerable to COVID-19; on the other hand, amplified immune response manifesting in “cytokine storm” is predicted to lead to adverse outcome. Consumption of immune modulating supplements such as Echinacea purpurea is often advocated to prevent infection, but the exact effects it exerts on immune response and disease outcome is much debated. This review aims to provide an analysis from data of the mechanism of action of this supplement, known immune response against COVID-19, as well as inflammatory and immune pathways already elucidated from similar infections such as SARS and MERS, in hope to gain a better understanding of the host immune responses and the possible outcome of its modulation. This predictive view may help in designing a preventive measures against COVID-19 that can be widely adopted by the general population in the near future.

Key words: COVID-19, immune response, cytokines, echinacea purpurea


 
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How to Cite this Article
Pubmed Style

Kembuan GJ, Lie W, Tumimomor AH, . Potential usage of immune modulating supplements of the Echinacea genus for COVID-19 infection. Int J Med Rev Case Rep. 2020; 4(9): 13-17. doi:10.5455/IJMRCR.immune-modulating-supplements-Echinacea-genus-covid-19-infection

Web Style

Kembuan GJ, Lie W, Tumimomor AH, . Potential usage of immune modulating supplements of the Echinacea genus for COVID-19 infection. https://www.mdpub.net/?mno=100230 [Access: April 04, 2024]. doi:10.5455/IJMRCR.immune-modulating-supplements-Echinacea-genus-covid-19-infection

AMA (American Medical Association) Style

Kembuan GJ, Lie W, Tumimomor AH, . Potential usage of immune modulating supplements of the Echinacea genus for COVID-19 infection. Int J Med Rev Case Rep. 2020; 4(9): 13-17. doi:10.5455/IJMRCR.immune-modulating-supplements-Echinacea-genus-covid-19-infection


Vancouver/ICMJE Style

Kembuan GJ, Lie W, Tumimomor AH, . Potential usage of immune modulating supplements of the Echinacea genus for COVID-19 infection. Int J Med Rev Case Rep. (2020), [cited April 04, 2024]; 4(9): 13-17. doi:10.5455/IJMRCR.immune-modulating-supplements-Echinacea-genus-covid-19-infection


Harvard Style

Kembuan, G. J., Lie, W., Tumimomor, A. H. & (2020) Potential usage of immune modulating supplements of the Echinacea genus for COVID-19 infection. Int J Med Rev Case Rep, 4 (9), 13-17. doi:10.5455/IJMRCR.immune-modulating-supplements-Echinacea-genus-covid-19-infection


Turabian Style

Kembuan, Gabriele Jessica, Warren Lie, Andhyka Haryanto Tumimomor, and . 2020. Potential usage of immune modulating supplements of the Echinacea genus for COVID-19 infection. International Journal of Medical Reviews and Case Reports, 4 (9), 13-17. doi:10.5455/IJMRCR.immune-modulating-supplements-Echinacea-genus-covid-19-infection


Chicago Style

Kembuan, Gabriele Jessica, Warren Lie, Andhyka Haryanto Tumimomor, and . "Potential usage of immune modulating supplements of the Echinacea genus for COVID-19 infection." International Journal of Medical Reviews and Case Reports 4 (2020), 13-17. doi:10.5455/IJMRCR.immune-modulating-supplements-Echinacea-genus-covid-19-infection


MLA (The Modern Language Association) Style

Kembuan, Gabriele Jessica, Warren Lie, Andhyka Haryanto Tumimomor, and . "Potential usage of immune modulating supplements of the Echinacea genus for COVID-19 infection." International Journal of Medical Reviews and Case Reports 4.9 (2020), 13-17. Print. doi:10.5455/IJMRCR.immune-modulating-supplements-Echinacea-genus-covid-19-infection


APA (American Psychological Association) Style

Kembuan, G. J., Lie, W., Tumimomor, A. H. & (2020) Potential usage of immune modulating supplements of the Echinacea genus for COVID-19 infection. International Journal of Medical Reviews and Case Reports, 4 (9), 13-17. doi:10.5455/IJMRCR.immune-modulating-supplements-Echinacea-genus-covid-19-infection


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